My 3rd person camera code thread

Blitz3D Forums/Blitz3D Programming/My 3rd person camera code thread

Guy Fawkes

(Posted 2012) [#1]

Hi all. I'm having a problem with my camera code. Primarily that it doesn't function as close to the camera in the below video as possible. Can someone make it so that the camera code I have provided below, works exactly, or as close to the camera in the below video, as possible?

Here's the code:

Type player

Field player
	
Field xposition#
Field yposition#
Field zposition#
	
Field xrotation#
Field yrotation#
Field zrotation#
	
Field xscale#
Field yscale#
Field zscale#

Field r
Field g
Field b

Field a#
Field shininess#

Field movespeed#
Field turnspeed#
Field gravity#

End Type

Type campivot

Field campivot

Field xposition#
Field yposition#
Field zposition#

Field xrotation#
Field yrotation#
Field zrotation#

Field height#
Field tilt#
Field smooth#

End Type

Type cam

Field cam

Field xposition#
Field yposition#
Field zposition#

Field xrotation#
Field yrotation#
Field zrotation#

Field height#
Field tilt#
Field smooth#

End Type

;[Block] Graphics
Graphics3D 800,600,0,2
SetBuffer BackBuffer()
HidePointer()

Global movespeed# = 0.01
Global turnspeed# = 0.05

Global md1
Global md2
;[End Block]

;[Block] Light
Global light=CreateLight()
RotateEntity light,25,0,0
AmbientLight 110,110,110
;[End Block]

;[Block] Create p\player
Global pz, px

p.player = New player
p\player = CreateCube()

DebugLog "p\player Created"
;[End Block]

;[Block] Camera
c.campivot = New campivot
c\campivot = CreatePivot()
PositionEntity c\campivot, EntityX(p\player),EntityY(p\player),EntityZ(p\player)
RotateEntity c\campivot, 0,180,0

Global cam = CreateCamera()
CameraRange cam,1,100000
CameraZoom cam,1.4
PositionEntity cam, EntityX(p\player),EntityY(p\player)+5,EntityZ(p\player)-20
EntityParent cam,c\campivot

Global mousespeedx# = 0.4
Global mousespeedy# = 0.2
Global camerasmoothness# = 30
Global mx#, my#, pitch#, yaw#, roll#

DebugLog "Camera Has Loaded"
;[End Block]

;[Block] Random Cubes
For a=1 To 50
	cube = CreateCube()
	PositionEntity cube, Rnd(200)-100,Rnd(200)-100,Rnd(200)-100
	RotateEntity cube, Rnd(360),Rnd(360),Rnd(360)
	ScaleEntity cube, Rnd(5)+0.5,Rnd(5)+0.5,Rnd(5)+0.5
	EntityColor cube, Rnd(255),Rnd(255),Rnd(255)
Next	
;[End Block]

DebugLog "MainLoop Initialized"

Global camzoom# = 1.0

;RotateEntity c\campivot,-,0,0

;[Block] MAIN LOOP
While Not KeyHit(1)

Cls

PositionEntity c\campivot,EntityX(p\player),EntityY(p\player),EntityZ(p\player)

oldmd1=md1
md1=MouseDown(1)
oldmd2=md2
md2=MouseDown(2)

	Zoom_Camera()
		
	Rotate_Camera()
	
	;[Block] p\player Controls
		
	px=(KeyDown(32)-KeyDown(30) Or (KeyDown(205)-KeyDown(203)))
	pz=(KeyDown(17)-KeyDown(31) Or (KeyDown(200)-KeyDown(208)))

	entyaw# = EntityYaw#(c\campivot)
	
	If pz = 1 And px = 0 Then rotationyaw#=180
	If pz =-1 And px = 0 Then rotationyaw#=0
	If px = 1 And pz = 0 Then rotationyaw#=90
	If px =-1 And pz = 0 Then rotationyaw#=-90
		
	If pz = 1 And px = 1 Then rotationyaw#=135
	If pz = 1 And px =-1 Then rotationyaw#=-135
	If pz =-1 And px = 1 Then rotationyaw#=45
	If pz =-1 And px =-1 Then rotationyaw#=-45
	
	campivotyaw# = EntityYaw#(p\player,True)
	
	RotateEntity c\campivot,0,campivotyaw#,0
		
	If px<>0 Or pz<>0 Then RotateEntity(p\player,0,entyaw#+rotationyaw#,0,1)

	If pz <> 0 Or px <> 0 Or (md1<>0 And md2<>0)
		MoveEntity p\player,0,0,movespeed#
	EndIf
		
	;[End Block]
	
	FlushKeys()
	FlushMouse()
	
	If (md1<>0 And md2<>0) Then RotateEntity p\player,0,EntityYaw#(c\campivot,True)-180,0

	UpdateWorld()
	RenderWorld()
	
	If md1<>0 Then
	
	Color 255,0,0
	Text GraphicsWidth()/2,GraphicsHeight()/2,"+",1,1
	Color 255,255,255
	
	EndIf
	
	Flip 0
	
Wend
;[End Block]

ClearWorld()

End

Function Rotate_Camera()

	If md1<>0
	
	;[Block] Camera Controls
	mx#=CurveValue(MouseXSpeed()*mousespeedx,mx,camerasmoothness)
	my#=CurveValue(MouseYSpeed()*mousespeedy,my,camerasmoothness)
	oldmmx=mmx
	oldmmy=mmy
	mmx=MouseX()
	mmy=MouseY()
	MoveMouse GraphicsWidth()/2,GraphicsHeight()/2
	
	For c.campivot = Each campivot

	pitch#=EntityPitch#(c\campivot,True)
	yaw#=EntityYaw#(c\campivot,True)
	
	Next

	If mmy<>oldmmy

	pitch#=pitch#+my

	EndIf
	
	yaw=yaw-mx
			
	If pitch# > 5 pitch# = 5
	If pitch# < -30 pitch# = -30

	If yaw#<-359 Or yaw#>359 Then yaw#=0.0
	
	For c.campivot = Each campivot

	RotateEntity c\campivot, 0,0,0
	TurnEntity c\campivot,pitch#,yaw#,roll#
	
	Next

	EndIf

	;[End Block]
	
End Function

Function CurveValue#(newvalue#,oldvalue#,increments )
	If increments>1 oldvalue#=oldvalue#-(oldvalue#-newvalue#)/increments
	If increments<=1 oldvalue=newvalue
	Return oldvalue#
End Function


Function Zoom_Camera()

	mmz = MouseZSpeed()
	
	If mmz>0 Then

		zoomspeed#=.1
		camzoom#=camzoom#+zoomspeed#
		textzoom=textzoom+1

	EndIf
	
	If mmz<0 Then
	
		zoomspeed#=-.1
		camzoom#=camzoom#+zoomspeed#
		textzoom=textzoom-1
		
	EndIf

	If camzoom#<1.0 Then camzoom#=1.0
	If camzoom#>1.5 Then camzoom#=1.5
	
	CameraZoom cam,camzoom#

End Function

Here's a video of the type of camera I am trying to achieve:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LY1MEFS2_G0

Thanks to all that help! :)

Last edited 2012

Ginger Tea

(Posted 2012) [#2]

Yet another video blocked in the UK due to some random song pasted over it for no real reason other than "This song Rawks!"

Guy Fawkes

(Posted 2012) [#3]

I didn't know it was blocked. lemme find a different one... -.-

Guy Fawkes

(Posted 2012) [#4]

Here, sorry for the inconvinience.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ALGylwsR7k&feature=related

stayne

(Posted 2012) [#5]

- Create a pivot
- Parent the camera to the pivot
- In your main loop, position the pivot with the player
- While mouse(2) is down
-- Rotate the pivot on the x axis with your mouse
-- Rotate the player on the y axis with your mouse
- While mouse(2) is not down
-- regular chasecam mode

Use this for your regular chasecam.

http://blitzmax.com/codearcs/codearcs.php?code=1083

Last edited 2012

Guy Fawkes

(Posted 2012) [#6]

Thanks, stayne. here's what I got so far:

Graphics3D 800,600,0,2
SetBuffer BackBuffer()

Type CSys

   Field cx#, cy#, cz#
   Field mx#, my#, sps%
   
End Type

Global campivot=CreatePivot()

Global cam=CreateCamera()
CameraRange cam,.1,50000

AmbientLight 255,255,255

Global land=CreatePlane()
EntityColor land,0,64,0

Global player=CreateCube()

PositionEntity player,0,1,0

Global cube=CreateCube()
PositionEntity cube,0,1,40

Global mousespeedx# = 0.4
Global mousespeedy# = 0.2
Global camerasmoothness# = 30

While Not KeyHit(1)
Cls
mx=MouseX()
my=MouseY()
PositionEntity campivot,EntityX#(player,True),EntityY#(player,True),EntityZ#(player,True)
If MouseDown(2) Then Rotate_Camera() : Else ChaseCam(cam,player,0.0,2,-5,0.8)
MoveEntity player,0,0,(KeyDown(17)-KeyDown(31) Or KeyDown(200)-KeyDown(208))*.01
TurnEntity player,0,(KeyDown(30)-KeyDown(32) Or KeyDown(203)-KeyDown(205))*.05,0
UpdateWorld()
RenderWorld()
Color 255,0,0
Text GraphicsWidth()/2,GraphicsHeight()/2,"EntityPitch#(campivot,True):"+EntityPitch#(campivot,True),1,1
Text GraphicsWidth()/2,GraphicsHeight()/2+20,"EntityYaw#(campivot,True):"+EntityYaw#(campivot,True),1,1
Color 255,255,255
Flip 0
Wend
End

Function ChaseCam(cam, Entity, XOff#, YOff# = 2, ZOff# = -5, Spd# = 0.8)

	If Spd#>1 Then Spd#=1
	If Spd#<0.0008 Then Spd#=0.0008

	Local sys.csys = First csys
	Local nx#, ny#, nz#
	Local dx#, dy#, dz#
	Local ex#, ey#, ez#
	Local hit%
	
	If sys = Null 
		sys = New cSys
		sys\sps = CreatePivot()
	EndIf
	
	sys\mx = MouseX()
	sys\my = MouseY()
	sps = sys\sps
	PositionEntity sps, EntityX(entity), EntityY(entity), EntityZ(entity)
	TFormVector xOff, yOff, zOff, entity, 0
	ex# = EntityX(entity)
	ey# = EntityY(entity)
	ez# = EntityZ(entity)
	nx# = ex+TFormedX()
	ny# = ey+TFormedY()
	nz# = ez+TFormedZ()
	dx# = nx-ex
	dy# = ny-ey
	dz# = nz-ez
	hit = LinePick(ex, ey, ez, dx, dy, dz, 0.2)
	
	If hit
		nx = PickedX()
		ny = PickedY()
		nz = PickedZ()
	EndIf
	
	sys\cx = sys\cx+(nx-sys\cx)*spd
	sys\cy = sys\cy+(ny-sys\cy)*spd
	sys\cz = sys\cz+(nz-sys\cz)*Spd
	
	PositionEntity cam, sys\cx, sys\cy, sys\cz
	PointEntity Cam, Entity, 0
	
End Function

Function CurveValue#(newvalue#,oldvalue#,increments )
	If increments>1 oldvalue#=oldvalue#-(oldvalue#-newvalue#)/increments
	If increments<=1 oldvalue=newvalue
	Return oldvalue#
End Function

Function Rotate_Camera()
	
	;[Block] Camera Controls
	mx#=CurveValue(MouseXSpeed()*mousespeedx,mx,camerasmoothness)
	my#=CurveValue(MouseYSpeed()*mousespeedy,my,camerasmoothness)
	oldmmx=mmx
	oldmmy=mmy
	mmx=MouseX()
	mmy=MouseY()
	MoveMouse GraphicsWidth()/2,GraphicsHeight()/2
	
	pitch#=EntityPitch#(campivot,True)
	yaw#=EntityYaw#(campivot,True)

	If mmy<>oldmmy

	pitch#=pitch#+my

	EndIf
	
	yaw=yaw-mx
			
	If pitch# > 5 pitch# = 5
	If pitch# < -30 pitch# = -30

	If yaw#<-359 Or yaw#>359 Then yaw#=0.0

	;RotateEntity campivot, 0,0,0
	;TurnEntity campivot,pitch#,yaw#,roll#
	
	;-- Rotate the pivot on the x axis with your mouse
	;-- Rotate the player on the y axis with your mouse
	
	RotateEntity campivot,EntityPitch#(campivot,True)+pitch,0,0
	TurnEntity player,0,yaw,0

	;[End Block]
	
End Function

I'm stuck on the x-axis pivot part, other than that, i think i pulled it off :)

Guy Fawkes

(Posted 2012) [#7]

Anyone?

Here's what I got so far:

Graphics3D 800,600,0,2
SetBuffer BackBuffer()

Type CSys

   Field cx#, cy#, cz#
   Field mx#, my#, sps%
   
End Type

Global campivot=CreatePivot()

Global cam=CreateCamera()
CameraRange cam,.1,50000

AmbientLight 255,255,255

Global land=CreatePlane()
EntityColor land,0,64,0

Global player=CreateCube()

PositionEntity player,0,1,0

Global cube=CreateCube()
PositionEntity cube,0,1,40

Global mousespeedx# = 0.4
Global mousespeedy# = 0.2
Global camerasmoothness# = 30

Global pitch#,yaw#

While Not KeyHit(1)
Cls
mx=MouseX()
my=MouseY()
PositionEntity campivot,EntityX#(player,True),EntityY#(player,True),EntityZ#(player,True)
If MouseDown(2) Then Rotate_Camera() : Else ChaseCam(cam,player,0.0,2,-5,0.8)
MoveEntity player,0,0,(KeyDown(17)-KeyDown(31) Or KeyDown(200)-KeyDown(208))*.01
TurnEntity player,0,(KeyDown(30)-KeyDown(32) Or KeyDown(203)-KeyDown(205))*.05,0
UpdateWorld()
RenderWorld()
Color 255,0,0
Text GraphicsWidth()/2,GraphicsHeight()/2,"EntityPitch#(campivot,True):"+EntityPitch#(campivot,True),1,1
Text GraphicsWidth()/2,GraphicsHeight()/2+20,"EntityYaw#(campivot,True):"+EntityYaw#(campivot,True),1,1
Text GraphicsWidth()/2,GraphicsHeight()/2+40,"pitch#:"+pitch#,1,1
Text GraphicsWidth()/2,GraphicsHeight()/2+60,"yaw#:"+yaw#,1,1
Color 255,255,255
Flip 0
Wend
End

Function ChaseCam(cam, Entity, XOff#, YOff# = 2, ZOff# = -5, Spd# = 0.8)

	If Spd#>1 Then Spd#=1
	If Spd#<0.0008 Then Spd#=0.0008

	Local sys.csys = First csys
	Local nx#, ny#, nz#
	Local dx#, dy#, dz#
	Local ex#, ey#, ez#
	Local hit%
	
	If sys = Null 
		sys = New cSys
		sys\sps = CreatePivot()
	EndIf
	
	sys\mx = MouseX()
	sys\my = MouseY()
	sps = sys\sps
	PositionEntity sps, EntityX(entity), EntityY(entity), EntityZ(entity)
	TFormVector xOff, yOff, zOff, entity, 0
	ex# = EntityX(entity)
	ey# = EntityY(entity)
	ez# = EntityZ(entity)
	nx# = ex+TFormedX()
	ny# = ey+TFormedY()
	nz# = ez+TFormedZ()
	dx# = nx-ex
	dy# = ny-ey
	dz# = nz-ez
	hit = LinePick(ex, ey, ez, dx, dy, dz, 0.2)
	
	If hit
		nx = PickedX()
		ny = PickedY()
		nz = PickedZ()
	EndIf
	
	sys\cx = sys\cx+(nx-sys\cx)*spd
	sys\cy = sys\cy+(ny-sys\cy)*spd
	sys\cz = sys\cz+(nz-sys\cz)*Spd
	
	PositionEntity cam, sys\cx, sys\cy, sys\cz
	PointEntity Cam, Entity, 0
	
End Function

Function CurveValue#(newvalue#,oldvalue#,increments )
	If increments>1 oldvalue#=oldvalue#-(oldvalue#-newvalue#)/increments
	If increments<=1 oldvalue=newvalue
	Return oldvalue#
End Function

Function Rotate_Camera()
	
	;[Block] Camera Controls
	mx#=CurveValue(MouseXSpeed()*mousespeedx,mx,camerasmoothness)
	my#=CurveValue(MouseYSpeed()*mousespeedy,my,camerasmoothness)
	oldmmx=mmx
	oldmmy=mmy
	mmx=MouseX()
	mmy=MouseY()
	MoveMouse GraphicsWidth()/2,GraphicsHeight()/2
	
	pitch#=EntityPitch#(campivot,True)
	yaw#=EntityYaw#(campivot,True)

	If mmy<>oldmmy

	pitch#=pitch#+my
	DebugLog "pitch:"+pitch#

	EndIf
	
	yaw=yaw-mx
			
	If pitch# > 30 pitch# = 30
	If pitch# < -30 pitch# = -30

	If yaw#<-359 Or yaw#>359 Then yaw#=0.0

	;RotateEntity campivot, 0,0,0
	;TurnEntity campivot,pitch#,yaw#,roll#
	
	;-- Rotate the pivot on the x axis with your mouse
	;-- Rotate the player on the y axis with your mouse
	
	RotateEntity campivot,pitch#,0,0
	TurnEntity player,0,yaw#,0

	;[End Block]
	
End Function

Thanks to all that help me! :)

Last edited 2012

stayne

(Posted 2012) [#8]

Almost there. Do you want it so only when you hold mouse 2 the camera works? Not sure if you are going to have a GUI or not.

Guy Fawkes

(Posted 2012) [#9]

Yes plz :) Thanks, Stayne :)

stayne

(Posted 2012) [#10]

Here you go dude. Quick and dirty (didn't set pitch limits) but you'll get the idea.

Graphics3D 800, 600, 0, 2
SetBuffer BackBuffer()
SeedRnd MilliSecs()

Type CSys
	Field cx#, cy#, cz#
	Field mx#, my#, sps%
End Type

For i = 1 To 50
	cube = CreateCube()
	PositionEntity cube,Rnd(-100,100),Rnd(1,100),Rnd(-100,100)
Next

Global cam = CreateCamera()
Global player = CreateCube()
ScaleEntity player,1,4,1
PositionEntity player,0,4,0
Global playerpiv = CreatePivot()

plane = CreatePlane()
EntityColor plane,100,200,100

While Not KeyHit(1)

	If KeyDown(17)
		speed# = .2
	Else If KeyDown(31)
		speed# = -.2
	Else
		speed# = 0
	EndIf
	
	If KeyDown(30)
		sidespeed# = -.2
	Else If KeyDown(32)
		sidespeed# = .2
	Else
		sidespeed# = 0
	EndIf
	
	MoveEntity player,sidespeed#,0,speed#
	PositionEntity playerpiv,EntityX(player),EntityY(player),EntityZ(player)

	If MouseHit(2)
		MouseXSpeed()
		MouseYSpeed()
	EndIf
	
	If MouseDown(2)
		TurnEntity player,0,-MouseXSpeed(),0
		RotateEntity playerpiv,EntityPitch(playerpiv)+MouseYSpeed(),EntityYaw(player),0
		MoveMouse GraphicsWidth()/2,GraphicsHeight()/2
	EndIf
	
	ChaseCam(cam, playerpiv, 0, 2, -20, .1)
	
	UpdateWorld
	RenderWorld
	
	Flip
	
Wend
End

Function ChaseCam(cam, Entity, XOff#, YOff# = 2, ZOff# = -5, Spd# = 0.8)

	Local sys.csys = First csys
	Local nx#, ny#, nz#
	Local dx#, dy#, dz#
	Local ex#, ey#, ez#
	Local hit%
	
	If sys = Null 
		sys = New cSys
		sys\sps = CreatePivot()
	EndIf
	
	sys\mx = MouseX()
	sys\my = MouseY()
	sps = sys\sps
	PositionEntity sps, EntityX(entity), EntityY(entity), EntityZ(entity)
	TFormVector xOff, yOff, zOff, entity, 0
	ex# = EntityX(entity)
	ey# = EntityY(entity)
	ez# = EntityZ(entity)
	nx# = ex+TFormedX()
	ny# = ey+TFormedY()
	nz# = ez+TFormedZ()
	dx# = nx-ex
	dy# = ny-ey
	dz# = nz-ez
	hit = LinePick(ex, ey, ez, dx, dy, dz, 0.2)
	
	If hit
		nx = PickedX()
		ny = PickedY()
		nz = PickedZ()
	EndIf
	
	sys\cx = sys\cx+(nx-sys\cx)*spd
	sys\cy = sys\cy+(ny-sys\cy)*spd
	sys\cz = sys\cz+(nz-sys\cz)*Spd
	
	PositionEntity cam, sys\cx, sys\cy, sys\cz
	PointEntity Cam, Entity, 0

End Function

Guy Fawkes

(Posted 2012) [#11]

Hey, thanks stayne. Could you make it so that when I use my mouse to rotate the player, that the rotation speed is the same speed as the speed i am rotating the player with, with my mouse? Also, can u make it so that no matter how fast my player is going, the chasecam doesnt try to "pull in front" of the player, and act like it's get gimbal lock?

Graphics3D 800, 600, 0, 2
SetBuffer BackBuffer()
SeedRnd MilliSecs()

Type CSys
	Field cx#, cy#, cz#
	Field mx#, my#, sps%
End Type

For i = 1 To 50
	cube = CreateCube()
	PositionEntity cube,Rnd(-100,100),Rnd(1,100),Rnd(-100,100)
Next

Global cam = CreateCamera()
Global player = CreateCube()
ScaleEntity player,1,4,1
PositionEntity player,0,4,0
Global playerpiv = CreatePivot()

plane = CreatePlane()
EntityColor plane,100,200,100

While Not KeyHit(1)

	If MouseDown(2)
	ShowPointer
	Else
	HidePointer
	EndIf
	
	turnspeed#=.2
	
	movespeed#=.2
	
	MoveEntity player,0,0,(KeyDown(17)-KeyDown(31) Or KeyDown(200)-KeyDown(208))*movespeed#
	TurnEntity player,0,(KeyDown(30)-KeyDown(32) Or KeyDown(203)-KeyDown(205))*turnspeed#,0
	If Not MouseDown(2) Then RotateEntity playerpiv,EntityPitch#(playerpiv),(EntityYaw#(player)),EntityRoll#(playerpiv)
	
	PositionEntity playerpiv,EntityX(player),EntityY(player),EntityZ(player)

	If MouseHit(2)
		MouseXSpeed()
		MouseYSpeed()
	EndIf
	
	If MouseDown(2)
		mxs = MouseXSpeed()
		mys = MouseYSpeed()
		pitch# = EntityPitch(playerpiv)+mys
		yaw# = EntityYaw(player)
		If pitch#>30 Then pitch#=30
		If pitch#<0 Then pitch#=0
		TurnEntity player,0,-mxs,0
		RotateEntity playerpiv,pitch#,yaw#,0
		MoveMouse GraphicsWidth()/2,GraphicsHeight()/2
	EndIf
	
	ChaseCam(cam, playerpiv, 0, 2, -20, .1)
	
	UpdateWorld
	RenderWorld
	
	Text GraphicsWidth()/2,GraphicsHeight()/2,"speed#:"+speed#,1,1
	
	Flip
	
Wend
End

Function ChaseCam(cam, Entity, XOff#, YOff# = 2, ZOff# = -5, Spd# = 0.8)

	Local sys.csys = First csys
	Local nx#, ny#, nz#
	Local dx#, dy#, dz#
	Local ex#, ey#, ez#
	Local hit%
	
	If sys = Null 
		sys = New cSys
		sys\sps = CreatePivot()
	EndIf
	
	sys\mx = MouseX()
	sys\my = MouseY()
	sps = sys\sps
	PositionEntity sps, EntityX(entity), EntityY(entity), EntityZ(entity)
	TFormVector xOff, yOff, zOff, entity, 0
	ex# = EntityX(entity)
	ey# = EntityY(entity)
	ez# = EntityZ(entity)
	nx# = ex+TFormedX()
	ny# = ey+TFormedY()
	nz# = ez+TFormedZ()
	dx# = nx-ex
	dy# = ny-ey
	dz# = nz-ez
	hit = LinePick(ex, ey, ez, dx, dy, dz, 0.2)
	
	If hit
		nx = PickedX()
		ny = PickedY()
		nz = PickedZ()
	EndIf
	
	sys\cx = sys\cx+(nx-sys\cx)*spd
	sys\cy = sys\cy+(ny-sys\cy)*spd
	sys\cz = sys\cz+(nz-sys\cz)*Spd
	
	PositionEntity cam, sys\cx, sys\cy, sys\cz
	PointEntity Cam, Entity, 0

End Function

Thanks, stayne! :)

Last edited 2012